Distinguishing characteristics include: a pressed steel grip; Flattened pommel butt with blunt nose and contoured finger edge; stepped one-piece crossguard with two-stage muzzle ears; fullered, German-made blade, shortened; and, original crossguard with muzzle ears removed.

Scabbard is a typical Turkish scabbard with an oval frog stud.

Absence of muzzle ears limits this example to use only with the 8 mm. Mauser Gewehr 98.

Distinguishing characteristics include: a cast brass grip; thin false crosspiece beginning in the center of the hilt; sharp pommel beak; raised reverse lug catch aperture, and single-stage muzzle ears.

It has long been believed that single-stage muzzle ears allow mounting only to the 8 mm. Mauser Gewehr 98. However, this is not always the case. Some of what appear to be single-stage muzzle ears are actually a simplified oval that allows mounting to both the Gewehr 88 and Gewehr 98. This bayonet is such an example, as these images of it mounted to a Gewehr 88 attest. Credit for this discovery goes to Dennis 'Otto' Ottobre, whose research on Turkish bayonets has made him a leading authority on Ersatz bayonets.

The scabbard is of the fourth ersatz type documented by Carter and still has some traces of the original feldgrau (field gray) paint.

Brass was in short supply and was too soft to hold up in field use, so very few of these bayonets were made and survived the War.

Distinguishing characteristics include: a pressed steel hilt with crosswise clean-out hole; large pommel beak; unfullered, German-made blade, shortened; and two-piece brazed crosspiece. Original muzzle ears enabling use with the Gewehr 88 Commission Rifle were removed, allowing use only with the 8 mm. Mauser Gewehr 98.

Scabbard is a typical Turkish scabbard with an oval frog stud.

Distinguishing characteristics include: one-piece pressed hilt folded downward over the tang and pommel block; rounded pommel beak; unfullered, German-made blade, shortened; and, one piece stamped crosspiece with two-stage muzzle ears cocked rearward.

Although the trademark is no longer visible, the scabbard is a shortened pressed steel German ersatz scabbard made by the firm of Friedrich August Göbel, in Solingen.

The two-step muzzle ring allows fitment on both the 8 mm. Mauser Gewehr 98 and earlier 8 mm. M1888 Commission Rifle. The muzzle-ring diameter listed is for the upper step. Lower step diameter is 0.545 in. (13.8 mm.).

Distinguishing characteristics include: stamped smooth steel grips with an irregularly shaped depressed groove in each side; the grips are affixed over the tang by three dome-headed rivets; rounded pommel beak; unfullered, German-made blade, shortened; and stamped crosspiece with a rearward swept quillon. Original muzzle ears enabling use with the Gewehr 88 Commission Rifle were removed, allowing use only with the 8 mm. Mauser Gewehr 98.

Scabbard is a typical Turkish scabbard with an oval frog stud.

Carter classified this Ersatz type as EB 90 in his writings.

Alterations were extensive, including: removal of the muzzle ring, lengthening the mortise by 10 mm., grinding-flush the forward grip rivet, drilling the hilt to create a T-O slot for the Gewehr 98 cleaning rod, and relocating the press stud to the right side of the pommel.

The original Belgian markings are still present. The serial number with an X on the crosspiece indicates that the bayonet was formerly used by one of the Garde Civique units from the region around the city of Ghent. German markings observed on this example are “Deutsch” stamped on the upper tang and a proofmark on the pommel end.

Crosspiece (left): "1890 X"

Crosspiece (right): "22847"

Crosspiece (ball finial): indistinct proofmarks on both sides

Upper Tang: "Deutsch"

Pommel (end): German proofmark

Carter classified this Ersatz type as EB 116 in his writings.

Alterations include milling of the M1874's distinctive brass pommel hump flat, milling away the muzzle ring adjustment screw, and milling away part of the muzzle ring to provide the added length needed to accommodate the M1888 barrel jacket. These alterations are shown in this comparison image.

All of the original French markings are present. No German markings observed on this example.

Ricasso: " two Circle-M inspection marks

Crosspiece (left): "F 95946" and inspection marks

Crosspiece (front): "13" "R" and illegible inspection mark

These bayonets represent an enigma. Little is known about the origin and use of these double-edged bayonets. The “W” on the blade spine is believed to identify the maker as Weyersberg, Kirschbaum & Co.

Many books refer to these as the M1907, probably due to the bayonet's resemblance to the Chinese M1907 bayonet. However, Antwerp, Belgium arms dealer Jules Pire & Co. listed these in his 1905 catalog.

Although it is unclear when these were manufactured, a quantity were still in Germany when the First World War began in 1914. These were issued to Landsturm troops along with the Gewehr 88 and also as sidearms to machine gun crews.

The example pictured at left was not used by Germany, but made it to Siam where the original grips were eventually replaced with grips made from a local hardwood.